AQA A-Level Business (2026) | 3.2.1 People management

Welcome to
Off The Rails

You've just been appointed Store Manager of Off The Rails, a small, independent fashion retailer. It's late November. Black Friday just happened. And now four weeks of Christmas chaos stretch ahead of you.

Each week you will get advice from the business founder Maz Lowe. Your team of five is already tired. How you motivate them through December will determine whether Off The Rails thrives — and whether you're trusted with more responsibility. Dissatisfaction is not an option!

šŸ‘©ā€šŸ’¼
Maz Lowe
Founder, stepping back to focus on expansion

"I've learned that what motivates Aisha isn't what motivates Callum. You've got to understand where each person is coming from. Good luck — I'll check in from time to time."

Week 1: Black Friday Aftermath

Last week of November

šŸ‘„ Team Status
šŸ‘” Tay Lore

šŸ§‘ā€šŸ« Herr Tseberg

What do you do?

What Happened...

Team Reactions:

šŸŽ„ December Complete

šŸ‘©ā€šŸ’¼
Maz Lowe

Your Manager Profile

0
Financial
0
Non-Financial

Wait... Did You Notice?

The three founders of Off The Rails weren't just random names...

šŸ‘” Tay Lore
"Pay well, set targets, reward results."
→
Frederick Taylor
Scientific Management (1911)
šŸ§‘ā€šŸ« Herr Tseberg
"Invest in people as people."
→
Frederick Herzberg
Two-Factor Theory (1959)
šŸ‘©ā€šŸ’¼ Maz Lowe
"Different people need different things."
→
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs (1943)

"Dissatisfaction is Not an Option"

Herzberg said: Hygiene factors (pay, conditions) don't motivate — they only prevent DISSATISFACTION.

It was hidden in plain sight all along.

The Theory Behind Motivation

šŸ’°

Taylor's Scientific Management

"Workers are primarily motivated by money."

Taylor believed workers are rational economic beings. Pay them more, they'll work harder. Financial incentives drive output.

šŸ’š

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

"Money prevents dissatisfaction but doesn't truly motivate."

Herzberg identified two types of factors:

Hygiene Factors (prevent dissatisfaction): Pay, working conditions, job security, company policies

Motivators (create satisfaction): Achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth, the work itself

āš ļø Common exam mistake: Herzberg doesn't say pay doesn't matter. It does — but only up to the point where dissatisfaction disappears. After that, more money doesn't create motivation.

šŸ”ŗ

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

"People have different needs at different times."

Your five team members each represented a different level of Maslow's hierarchy:

Self-Actualisation
→ Aisha (reaching potential)
Esteem
→ Nadia (recognition)
Belonging
→ Jade (team connection)
Safety
→ Dev (stability)
Physiological
→ Callum (basic needs/money)

šŸŽÆ The Key Insight

Motivation isn't one-size-fits-all

Callum needed money. Aisha needed recognition. Nadia needed autonomy. Dev needed stability. Jade needed belonging.

Financial methods have limits

Clear and tangible, but can be expensive, short-term, and create competitive rather than cooperative culture. Notice how financial rewards mattered most to Callum — but were less effective for others like Aisha and Jade.

Non-financial methods build lasting engagement

Often low cost, addresses deeper human needs, but requires genuine effort and attention. They don't pay anyone's bills, though — Callum reminded you of that.

The best managers adapt

Understanding what each person needs — and responding appropriately — is the real skill. That's Maz Lowe's whole philosophy.

Don't let the loudest voice dominate

Callum's reactions were the most visible throughout — but not necessarily the most important for long-term performance. Quiet disengagement (Aisha, Dev) can be just as costly as loud complaints.

šŸ“ Exam Reflection

Using examples from the simulation, evaluate the view that financial rewards are the most effective way to motivate employees. (16 marks)

Consider: Which team members responded well to financial incentives? Which didn't? What does this suggest about Taylor vs Herzberg? How does Maslow's hierarchy help explain the differences?