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What do exam-results statistics actually mean?

‘A*–A’, ‘grade 4+’, ‘cumulative’, ‘provisional’ - a quick, clear glossary so the headline numbers make sense.

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In short

Results statistics use a few key ideas: entries (the number sitting), cumulative outcomes (e.g. ‘A*–A’ means grade A or above - in other words, A or A*; ‘grade 4+’ means 4 or above), all-age vs age-16/age-18 figures, and provisional vs final data. Knowing which is which prevents easy misreadings.

How it works

Quick glossary: Entries - the number of subject entries (sittings) in a qualification, not a headcount of unique students, since one student is entered for several subjects. Cumulative % - the share at a grade or above (so B in an A-level table means “A*–B”). A*–A / grade 7+ - common high-grade benchmarks. All-age vs age 16/18 - whether resitters and older candidates are included. Provisional vs final - results-day figures are provisional and revised later. Suppressed - very small entry counts may be hidden to protect individuals.

Common misconception

In a cumulative table, ‘B = 48%’ means 48% got B or above - not that 48% got exactly a B.

Frequently asked questions

What does A*–A mean?

The percentage achieving A* or A (a cumulative figure).

What is ‘grade 4+’?

Grade 4 or above - the standard-pass benchmark at GCSE.

All ages vs age 16?

All-age figures include post-16 resitters (notably GCSE English & maths); age-16 figures focus on 16-year-old candidates - broadly the main Year 11 cohort. Source: Ofqual ↗

What does ‘provisional’ mean?

Results-day statistics are provisional and can be revised when final data is published later. Source: Ofqual ↗

See it in the data

See these figures in action - entries, cumulative outcomes and boundaries for any subject.

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Official sources

About this guide. Produced independently by tutor2u using published guidance from Ofqual, JCQ and the awarding organisations, to explain the system clearly and put it in context. Reviewed by Jim Riley, tutor2u. How we check this guidance. Last reviewed 11 August 2026.
In Wales: this guide covers England, where exams are regulated by Ofqual. Qualifications in Wales are regulated by Qualifications Wales and awarded by WJEC - see WJEC’s grade boundaries and post-results services.

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Last checked August 2026. This is a plain-English summary of official guidance; always check the linked Ofqual, JCQ and exam-board pages for the definitive rules, which can change.

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